I don’t think you need to be reminded that when you build SharePoint Framework customizations, you should use theme colours so that your customizations look like a part of the site. 

If you use fixed colours, your web parts will not adjust to theme changes. For example:

.selector{
  background-color: #0078d7;
}

will have #0078d7 colour regardless of the theme used by SharePoint. You should rather use

@import '~@microsoft/sp-office-ui-fabric-core/dist/sass/SPFabricCore.scss';
.selector{
  background-color: "[theme: themePrimary, default: #0078d7]";
}

When your SharePoint Framework customisation is being loaded on the page, the @microsoft/load-themed-styles package, which is a part of the SharePoint Framework, looks for theme tokens in CSS files and tries to replace them with the corresponding colour from the current theme. If the value for the specified token is not available, SharePoint Framework uses the value specified by using the default parameter instead, which is why it’s important that you always include it.

Office UI Fabric React

When using Office UI Fabric React components, the same principle apply.

@import '~office-ui-fabric-react/dist/sass/_References.scss';
.selector {
  background-color: $ms-color-themeDark; // use dark colour from SharePoint site theme
  border-color: $ms-color-themePrimary; // use primary colour from SharePoint site theme
  color: $ms-color-white; // use white colour from SharePoint site theme
}

Notice that we imported ~office-ui-fabric-react/dist/sass/_References.scss instead. It is recommended that you uninstall the @microsoft/sp-office-ui-fabric-core package which is already installed in your solution by the Yeoman generator, if you decide to use Fabric components, in order to reduce your component bundle size.

npm uninstall @microsoft/sp-office-ui-fabric-core --save

Whenever you use any Fabric React component, they automatically adjust to the SharePoint site theme.

import { PrimaryButton} from 'office-ui-fabric-react/lib/PrimaryButton';

render() {
  ...
  <div>
    <PrimaryButton>click me</PrimaryButton>
  </div>
  ...
}

Available theme tokens and their occurances

Token Default Color Remarks
themeDark #7c1d21   Some button onclick and link color (e.g., “Return to classic SharePoint”). Header “Follow” star icon if the third header background color option is used. System pages: OK button border and hover.
themeDarkAlt #932227 Many icons (e.g., in the command bar), some borders, button/link hovers, spinner background, range element focus, checkbox background hover, web parts and lists, button hover, range element focus, add web part icon when the third section background color is selected.
themeDarker #5b1519 Hover color for some links. System pages: Visited link color.
themeLight #e3afb2 Range selector hover and focus background. Loading spinner background color in site contents view.
themeLighter #f0d3d4 Navigation edit menu background color, add web part panel hover background color, image background color in some web parts when the third section background color option is selected. System pages: Navigation hover background, cancel button hover background.
themeLighterAlt #fbf4f4 One of the section background options. Cogwheel menu hover background in site contents view.
themePrimary #a4262c Some button and checkbox backgrounds, links, texts, borders and icons, icon and link hovers. Also the footer background color, and one of the section background options. System pages: OK button background, link texts.
themeSecondary #ae383e The suite bar text in site contents view. Hover color for some links. Image background color in some web parts when the fourth section background color is selected. The second color in the palette icon in the “Change the look panel” (hence the token name)
themeTertiary #c86c70 Add web part icon when the fourth selection background color is selected. The third color in the palette icon in the “Change the look panel” (hence the token name)
neutralDark #212121 Some button, link and border hover text, some icons. System pages: page breadcrumb, header texts.
neutralLight #eaeaea Some web part borders, command bar action hover, command bar background when a list item is selected, list view category header background when an item is selected, button hover. System pages: Ribbon tab background, OK button border, selected navigation element background, disabled text box border. Divider web part. Image background color in some web parts when the second section background color option is selected.
neutralLighter #f4f4f4 Some menu backgrounds (e.g., the command bar), selected left navigation element, some button backgrounds, one option for a section background color.
neutralLighterAlt #f8f8f8 Left navigation hover background, list info panel text background, image background color in some webparts when the first section background color is selected, some icons and texts when editing web parts. System pages: Cancel button background, disabled text box background.
neutralPrimary #333333 Site header texts, texts in navigation menus, command bar, buttons and web parts, web part related icon backgrounds when the page is in edit mode, add web part panel icons and texts, web part settings panel texts. System pages: dropdown arrow color, some texts.
neutralPrimaryAlt #3c3c3c The suite bar background in site contents view.
neutralSecondary #666666 Some menu texts, empty library text, some icon hover backgrounds, some texts in web parts, command bar arrows, range selector. System pages: link color, some icons, and borders.
neutralTertiary #a6a6a6 Some button texts, some web part titles, some web part setting texts, some web part icons, border hover in some web parts, dashed section border in edit mode, web part settings panel control border. Most visible when editing web parts. System pages: text box, dropdown, and button border color.
neutralTertiaryAlt #c8c8c8 Some texts, e.g., in web part property pane, some icons in web parts, range selector background, some button onclick background, yes/no toggle control background, change section background color setting border.
neutralQuaternary #d0d0d0 Command bar action hover background when a list item is selected. System pages: Borders
black #000000 Web part settings panel dropdown text, carousel controls, site contents tab text hover, “Change the look” panel texts.
white #ffffff Primary body background, search input background, some button text, hub navigation text if the themePrimary header background is selected, one of the available section background colors. System pages: Body background
neutralQuaternaryAlt #dadada Info icon and selected ellipses background in lists, some web part element backgrounds when in edit mode, web part property pane dropdown item background, selected list item background.
accent* #ca5010 The fourth color in the palette in the “Change the look” panel.
whiteTranslucent40* "rgba(255,255,255,.4)" Covers the rest of page when a modal dialog is opened.
blackTranslucent40* "rgba(0,0,0,.4)" Covers the rest of page during certain modal dialog states, i.e.: when the web part search dialog is expanded
backgroundOverlay* (empty) Site contents primary background, some borders, i.e.: between hub and site navigation
primaryBackground* #ffffff Some backgrounds when editing web part settings, some text field backgrounds